La fonction de demande de monnaie en Algerie (1964-2010): Existence et stabilite a l’epreuve des grandes fluctuations

Nous traiterons, dans cet article, des propriétés d’un modèle empirique de la demande de monnaie en Algérie  (1964-2009), à travers l’examen de sa stabilité paramétrique. Nous adopterons une approche basée sur le concept de la cointégration, et la technique d’estimation du maximum de vraisemblance de Johansen (1998). La fonction de demande de monnaie, issue d’un système cointégré de quatre variables endogènes (MM2 GDP CPI Txint), se comporte de façon satisfaisante dans l’échantillon. Nos principaux résultats soutiennent que les grandes fluctuations (changements de structures) des variables économiques, durant la période (1998-2008), n’altèrent pas la stabilité de la fonction de DM, et que la robustesse de notre modèle s’améliore avec l’élargissement de l’échantillon. Le modèle établit nettement que l’ajustement réel et nominal dans la DM sont encore lents et accusent des retards. Les résultats de notre investigation sont généralement en concordance avec la théorie.Mots clés : Demande algérienne en monnaie, Co-intégration, Stabilité paramétriqu

Off-equilibrium corrections to energy and conserved charge densities in the relativistic fluid in heavy-ion collisions

Dissipative processes in relativistic fluids are known to be important in the analyses of the hot QCD matter created in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. In this work, I consider dissipative corrections to energy and conserved charge densities, which are conventionally assumed to be vanishing but could be finite. Causal dissipative hydrodynamics is formulated in the presence of those dissipative currents. The relation between hydrodynamic stability and transport coefficients is discussed. I then study their phenomenological consequences on the observables of heavy-ion collisions in numerical simulations. It is shown that particle spectra and elliptic flow can be visibly modified.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures; title changed, references added, conclusions unchange

40-Gb/s TDM-PON downstream with low-cost EML transmitter and 3-level detection APD receiver

We report a cost-effective 40-Gb/s TDM-PON downstream utilizing an integrated DFB-EAM in OLT and an APD-based 3-level detection receiver in ONU, achieving a high power budget of 23.4 dB in real time operation

Access and metro network convergence for flexible end-to-end network design

This paper reports on the architectural, protocol, physical layer, and integrated testbed demonstrations carried out by the DISCUS FP7 consortium in the area of access - metro network convergence. Our architecture modeling results show the vast potential for cost and power savings that node consolidation can bring. The architecture, however, also recognizes the limits of long-reach transmission for low-latency 5G services and proposes ways to address such shortcomings in future projects. The testbed results, which have been conducted end-to-end, across access - metro and core, and have targeted all the layers of the network from the application down to the physical layer, show the practical feasibility of the concepts proposed in the project

A 10Gb/s burst-mode TIA with on-chip reset/lock CM signaling detection and limiting amplifier with a 75ns settling time

Emerging symmetric 10Gb/s passive optical network (PON) systems aim at high network transmission efficiency by reducing the RX settling time that is needed for RX amplitude recovery in burst-mode (BM). A conventional AC-coupled BM- RX has an inherent tradeoff between short settling time and decision threshold droop, which makes an RX settling time shorter than 400ns hard to achieve. Some techniques have been developed to overcome this limitation, demonstrating a settling time of 150 to 200ns. Our previous work uses feed-forward automatic offset compensation (AOC) to achieve a response time as short as 25.6ns. However, a feed-forward scheme using peak detectors is intrinsically less accurate and results in relatively high power consumption. In this paper, we present a DC-coupled 10Gb/s BM-TIA and burst-mode limiting amplifier (BM- LA) chipset that uses a feedback type AOC circuit with switchable loop BW. This new technique is capable of removing input DC offset in less than 75ns, and offers continuous decision threshold tracking during payload, to cope with the maximum length of CID. The differential TIA output port senses a CM reset signal provided by the succeeding BM-LA, and activates an on-chip reset and lock function. This BM-LA also integrates auto reset/activity generation circuits providing the AOC BW switching signal, so that this time-critical signal is not required from the PON system

An introduction to InP-based generic integration technology

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are considered as the way to make photonic systems or subsystems cheap and ubiquitous. PICs still are several orders of magnitude more expensive than their microelectronic counterparts, which has restricted their application to a few niche markets. Recently, a novel approach in photonic integration is emerging which will reduce the R&D and prototyping costs and the throughput time of PICs by more than an order of magnitude. It will bring the application of PICs that integrate complex and advanced photonic functionality on a single chip within reach for a large number of small and larger companies and initiate a breakthrough in the application of Photonic ICs. The paper explains the concept of generic photonic integration technology using the technology developed by the COBRA research institute of TU Eindhoven as an example, and it describes the current status and prospects of generic InP-based integration technology

An introduction to InP-based generic integration technology

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are considered as the way to make photonic systems or subsystems cheap and ubiquitous. PICs still are several orders of magnitude more expensive than their microelectronic counterparts, which has restricted their application to a few niche markets.Recently, a novel approach in photonic integration is emerging which will reduce the R&D and prototyping costs and the throughput time of PICs by more than an order of magnitude. It will bring the application of PICs that integrate complex and advanced photonic functionality on a single chip within reach for a large number of small and larger companies and initiate a breakthrough in the application of Photonic ICs. The paper explains the concept of generic photonic integration technology using the technology developed by the COBRA research institute of TU Eindhoven as an example, and it describes the current status and prospects of generic InP-based integration technology.Funding is acknowledged by the EU-projects ePIXnet, EuroPIC and PARADIGM and the Dutch projects NRC Photonics, MEMPHIS, IOP Photonic Devices and STW GTIP. Many others have contributed and the authors would like to thank other PARADIGM and EuroPIC partners for their help in discussions, particularly Michael Robertson (CIP).This is the final published version distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. It can also be viewed on the publisher's website at: http://iopscience.iop.org/0268-1242/29/8/08300